矮优S早熟省肥高产的生理基础及其生产利用

PHYSIOGLOICAL BASIS AND UTILIZATION OF EARLY MATURING,LESS FERTILIZER REQUIRING AND HIGH YIELDING HYBRID RICE AIYOU S IN SICHUAN

1987～1989年对江北县种子公司选育的杂交稻新组合矮优S的生理特性及生产利用进行了研究.结果表明,矮优S具有优良的生理基础,不仅生育期短,且对肥料氮和土壤氮的吸收较少,后期绿色叶面积衰减速度慢,同化叶面积大,光合强度高,干物质向穗部转运率高,粒重优势强.在川西两熟地区种植,可采用小麦(油菜)—水稻—秋作(蔬菜或饲料)三熟制,充分利用晚秋生境,提高稻田经济效益;在川东南低海拔、高温伏旱区种植,采用适期播种,露地一段育秧,可在7月20日前安全齐穗,避开开花期高温危害,保证稳产高产;在海拔800m左右山区种植,因生育期短,早期无需采用保温或增温育秧,后期又可避免连绵阴雨对灌浆结实的影响。

The physiological chaiactors and the utilization of the new hybrid rice Aiyou S were studied from 1983 to 1987 in Sichuan. The esults were presented as follows: 1. Comparing with other hybrid rice, Aiyon S absorbed less nitiogen from the fertilizer and soil.The green leaf droopped slowly so it Produced more dry matters.And the transfer ratio of the dry matter was higher.All of these were the Physilogical basis of the grain weight dominance in the yield components for Aiyou S. 2.In ordei to make use of the late fall ecological condition, a new cropping system which was wheat (or rape)-rice -autumn crops with Aiyou S in west plain of Sichuan had been built up. The injury of high temperature at the flowering stage could be avoided in the low elevation of southeast Sichuan or the weather that continuous rain and less sunshines could be escape in the milking stage in about 800m region of the elevation.