四川盆地稻茬麦免耕栽培增产机理研究

YIELD INCREASING MECHANISM OF NON-TILLAGE CULTURE FOR WHEAT FOLLOWING RICE IN SICHUAN BASIN

通过连续5年在四川盆地主要麦区、主要土类上布置多点试验、示范,系统研究了稻茬麦免耕栽培的增产机理和关键技术.试验示范表明,在四川盆地生态条件下,稻茬麦免耕栽培具有显著的增产效果.一般在低产区可增产10～20%,在高产区也可增产5～8%,每亩可节约生产成本20～30元.免耕栽培改善了小麦生长的土壤环境,保持了良好的土壤结构,表土层肥力较高,麦田排水降湿和保水抗旱能力有所增强.免耕小麦具有良好的生长开端和明显的苗期生长优势,出苗速度、出苗率、出苗整齐度、低位分蘖数、次生根数、叶面积指数及亩生物产量、抗倒力等均优于翻耕,具有更高的群体光合生产力.实行科学的免耕栽培,须抓好适时开沟排水、化学除草、小窝密植、精量播种、科学施肥和加强病虫害防治等关键技术.

For 5 years in succession, the yield increasing mechanism and the key technique for high yielding of non-tillage culture were studied systemically through multipoint experiment and demonstration in the main wheat belts and under various soil types. The results showed that the non-tillage of wheat followed by rice had notable effect undet the ecological conditions of Sichuan Basin. In general, the yield increase rate was 10-20% in low-yield atea and 5-8% in high-yield area, it could spared RMB 300-450 yuan per ha. The leason that the non-tillage wheat followed by rice iaised yield were that, first, the soil regime for wheat growth was impioved, for example, the soil structure was improved, the feitility of pedosphele was higher and the drainage of field and dehumidification abi-lity were enhanced, Second, the non-tillage wheat poccessed good growth superiority in initial and seedling stage, as compared with ploughing wheat, the non-tillage was all superior in the rate of seadling emergence, degree of unifotmity, numbers of low-order tiller and thizotaxis,leaf area index, biotic yield and lodging resistance etc., so the population had high photosynthetic productivity.