注意缺陷多动障碍性别差异的认知研究

Gender Difference of Neuropsychological Function in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

目的 :初步探索注意缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD)男孩与女孩认知功能有何异同。方法 :以 3 0例ADHD女孩、 174例ADHD男孩为研究对象 ,采用龚耀先修订的韦氏儿童智力量表 (C -WISC)、韦氏记忆量表 (WMS)、数字划消、Stroop测验和瑞文标准推理测验对其智力、记忆力、注意力水平及执行功能进行评定。结果 :C -WISC中 ,ADHD女孩组常识、理解、积木分测验成绩低于ADHD男孩组 ,言语智商 (99±10 )、操作智商 (93± 15 )、总智商 (95± 12 )、A因子 (99± 11)、B因子 (93± 15 )虽在正常范围 ,但均低于ADHD男孩组 (分别为 10 5± 12 ,98± 15 ,10 2± 13 ,10 4± 13 ,10 0± 15 ,P均 <0 0 5 ) ,智力发展不平衡现象两组差异无显著性 ;WMS中 ,仅理解一项ADHD女孩组 (4 9± 2 4)优于男孩组 (3 7± 2 4,P <0 0 5 ) ,其余各项无组间差异 ;瑞文标准推理测验中 ,ADHD女孩组的标准分等级 (M =3 )高于ADHD男孩组 (M =4) ,但差异无显著性 (Z =-1 0 3 8,P =0 2 99) ;经严格年龄配对后 ,ADHD女孩在Stroop测验中D完成时间 ((4 4± 8)秒 )和字义干扰时 ((19± 6)秒 )短于ADHD男孩 (分别为 (5 4± 16)秒 ,(2 7± 12 )秒 ) ,差异具有显著性 (P均 <0 0 1) ,数字划消测验结果两组差异无显著性。结论 :同ADHD男孩相比 ,ADHD女孩有?

Objective:To explore the gender differences in cognitive function of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) Method:30 girls and 174 boys with ADHD (criteria of DSM-IV) were collected as our sample The research instruments included C-WISC, WMS (Wechsler memory scale), Number Cancellation Test, Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices, and the Stroop test Results: Although girls had normal IQ, but their IQ was lower than that of boys, including verbal IQ, performance IQ, full IQ, vocabulary comprehension factor and perception organization factor (P<0 05) Only in understanding subtest of WMS, girls had higher score than boys There was no significant difference between boys and girls in Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices and Number Cancellation Test After matched by age, girls spent significantly less time on D part and the word interference of the Stroop test Conclusion:Compared with boys with ADHD, girls with this disorder seeking help from psychiatric service display more intelligent impairment and less impairment in performance on tests of executive functions