生态序——系统主从律

Ecological Order -Principal and Subordinate Law

一、经典生态学与现代生态学 生态学一般被定义为研究生物及其环境关系的科学。在Odum所著的《生态学基础》一书中曾以蛋糕模型表明了“生态学是生物的一个基本分支”。(图1)但是,现在生态学的研究范围远远超出了生物学。它所研究的主要对象是我国著名生态学家马世骏先生提出的“自然—经济—社会复合生态系统”。(图2)我们将作为生物学的分支、以研究一般生物及其环境为主体的生态学称之为经典生态学,

There are many factors in the ecological systems, but not every factor is equally important. A few or even only one factor is principal, which determines the order of the system, and is called ORDER FACTOR. And the other factors are subordinate, which forms a general law-Principal and Subordinate Law, and is useful .for research of the complex systems.