居室内装饰材料的致突变作用

Study on Mutagenecity of Indoor Decoration Materials

目的 研究装饰材料挥发性化合物对实验动物和暴露人群的致突变作用,从而为室内装饰材料安全卫生质量的管理提供技术依据。方法 根据监测装修后客房空气挥发物浓度,在染毒柜内配制相当于现场测得的5、10、20、40倍浓度进行小鼠微核试验;分别检测在装修环境中工作的女服务员的外周血淋巴细胞微核发生率。结果 装修半年内室内空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯的含量明显高于未装修的客房,井且高于国家标准;动物实验结果表明,于现场浓度40倍剂量对小鼠染毒15d后,其微核率比阴性对照高,且差异有显著性（P<0.005）。在装修与未装修客房内工作的女服务员外周血微核率则差异无显著性（P>0.05）。结论 装饰材料挥发物在密闭空调环境中不易挥发,其高浓度对实验动物有致突变作用。

ve To study the mutagenecity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from decoration materials to experimental animals and human subjects so as to provide some technical basis for the management of safety and hygienic quality of indoor decoration materials. Methods The micronucleus test was carried out in mice exposed to the tested toxicants in an experimental cabinet, in which the tested VOCs were prepared at the various concentrations which were 5, 10, 20 and 40 times as high as the concentrations of VOCs in decorated rooms monitored on site respectively. The frequencies of micronucleus of peripheral blood lymphocytes were examined among waitress working in decorated indoor environment. Results The concentrations of formaldehyde, benzene, methylbenzene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate in decorated rooms were significantly higher than those in un-decorated rooms and the related national standards within half a year after decoration. The frequencies of micronucleus of mice exposed to tested VOCs with concentration being 40 times as high as those in decorated rooms were significantly higher than those of negative control group at the 15 th day after exposure. There were no significant differences in frequencies of mi-cronucleus in peripheral blood lymphocytes between waitress working in decorated rooms and un-decorated rooms. Conclusion VOCs emitted from decoration materials were uneasily diffused in air-conditioned airtight environment. The higher concentrations of VOCs simulated based on their levels in decorated rooms revealed mutagenecity to ex-perimental animals.