重庆市城区空气微生物污染及评价

Air Pollution by Microorganism in Urban Area of Chongqing and Its Evaluation

目的 了解重庆市城区空气微生物污染状况。方法1999年11月13日～12月13日在重庆市城区某采样点距地面1.5 m高度采空气样,每天3次,连续30d。采用中国科学院生态中心推荐使用的空气微生物评价标准评价空气微生物污染状况。结果 空气细菌和霉菌计数分别为76-21 758cfu/m3和1538～4179cfu/m3,分别占空气微生物总数的63.8％和36.2％。霉菌包括马丁霉菌（20.4％）和耐高渗透压霉菌（15.8％）。细菌、马丁霉菌和耐高压霉菌的优势菌株分别为芽孢杆菌（52.4％）、曲霉菌（19.0％）和青霉菌（32.6％）。细菌中97.1％为G+。空气样本中细菌、马丁霉菌和耐高渗透压霉菌含量达污染级别及以上的分别为45.6％、72.1％和63.3％。结论 重庆市城区空气微生物污染较重,尤其是空气霉菌的污染应引起重视。

ve To undenstand the situation of air pollution by microorganisms in urban area of Chongqing. Methods During the period of 13 Nov, 1999-13 Dec, 1999, the air sampling was carried out at the height of 1.5 m above the ground in a certain sampling location of urban area of Chongqing, 3 times per day continuously for 30 days. The air pollution by microorganism was evaluated according to the standards for evaluation of air microorganism rec-ommended by Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science. Results The counts of bacteria and fungi were 76-21 758 cfu/m3 and 1 538-4 179 cfu/m3 respectively, which were 63.8% and 36.2% of the total count of air microorganism respectively. Fungi consisted of Martin's fungi (20.4%) and high osmotic pres-sure- resistant fungi (15.8%). The dominant strain was Bacillus (52.4%) for bacteria, Aspergillus (19.0%) for Martin's fungi and Penicillium (32.6%) for high osmotic pressure- resistant fungi respectively. 97.1% of bacterial strains were gram-positive bacteria. The percentage of air samples with pollution grade or higher pollution grades were 45.6% for bacteria, 72.1% for Martin's fungi and 63.3% for high osmotic pressure- resistant fungi respectively. Conclusion The air pollution by microorganism was more heavier in urban area of Chongqing, especially the air pollution by fungi, which should be paid more attention to.