人工林的生物学稳定性与可持续经营

The Relationship between Biological Stability and Sustainable Management of Plantation

阐述了人工林的生物学稳定性与森林可持续经营的关系 ,人工林生物学上的不稳定是人工林可持续经营中存在的突出问题。提出了人工林不稳定性的3方面表现 :抵御异常气候变化能力弱 ;容易遭病虫攻击 ;容易产生地力衰退。并列举了大量例证。说明了人工林生物学上不稳定的 6个原因 :单作 ;景观结构不合理 ;不能做到适地适树 ;实施人工林后的立地改变、气候改变及忽视检疫。并针对人工林不稳定性的原因 ,按生态系统管理要求 ,提出了 7方面的综合育林措施 :立地与树种、品种相匹配 ,适宜的景观配置 ,控制林分的遗传成分 ,进行科学的植被管理 ,改善造林技术 。

The relationship between plantation biological stability and its sustainable management was studied.Instability of plantation is the main issue in forestry sustainable management.Three main concerns were mentioned:vulnerability of artificial forest to confront bad weather,susceptivity to diseases and pests,reduction of soil fertility.Six factors,causing biological instability of plantation,were illuminated through many examples:monocultures;unreasonable landscape structure;unmatched species to site;climatic change;site change due to carrying out plantation forest;neglecting quarantine.According to ecosystem management,there is a synthetic cultivation method to deal with plantation instability,including 7 aspects of forest cultivation measures:mach of species to site,reasonable configuration landscapes,gene control,scientific vegetation management,silviculture technical improvement,reasonable harvesting,diseases and pests control.