从广义自持链式反应观点看加速器驱动系统

The Generalised Self-sustaining Chain Reaction Theory about ADS

用广义自持链式反应的观点探讨了加速器驱动系统 (ADS)的基本内涵。认为次临界反应堆、质子加速器和靶所组合的整体仍可看成一个 (临界的 )自持链式反应堆。这个反应堆不同于通常临界反应堆的特点是每次裂变后的二次中子不仅包含裂变释放的中子而且还包含部分裂变释能 (通过质子加速器及靶 )所转换的中子。正是有了这些附加中子 ,使得加速器驱动系统每次裂变的有效二次中子数增加了。一个ADS系统能够稳定运行的条件是ADS的次临界堆和加速器能够相互匹配使得ADS系统的有效二次中子数达到这样的水平 ,以致在ADS系统内能够形成自持的中子链式反应。因此尽管ADS的反应堆部分是次临界的 ,但从ADS整体来看只要质子加速器与次临界反应堆匹配得当 ,ADS系统是可以像通常临界反应堆那样 ,维持自持的链式反应的 (或临界的 )。给出了ADS系统维持自持链式反应的匹配条件 (广义临界条件 )。最后根据ADS系统的特点探讨了ADS在核废物处理 (嬗变 )、提高核燃料增殖效率及核能开发中的作用。

The basic connotation of ADS (accelerator driven system) is investigated from the point of view of generalized self sustaining china reaction. The ADS is composed of proton accelerator, neutron producing target and the subcritical reactor. This system can be viewed entirely as a generalized self sustaining chain reaction system. In this view of point, the accelerator with target, as a part of ADS, can be viewed as an energy neutron transformer (energy be fed to accelerator to produce medium energy protons, neutrons be produced in the heavy target as a result of proton heavy nucleus spallation reaction). In this generalized self sustaining chain reaction system, the number of neutrons produced after a fission event is not only the fission neutrons but also the neutrons produced by the energy neutron transformer. That is, the ADS has more effective secondary neutrons after a fission event. It is just these additional neutrons, the ADS can be in state of self sustaining chain reaction (criticality), although the reactor part of ADS is in state of sub criticality. The critical equation of the generalized self sustaining chain reaction system is presented. The relationship between the effective multiplication factors of ADS and subcritical reactor part of ADS is also presented. The power output of ADS is represented by a function of the proton current, the subcritical reactivity of the reactor in ADS, the number of neutrons produced in spallation process per proton and etc. At last , the probable application of ADS in the future is investigated.