试析毛泽东晚年失误的方法论根源

毛泽东在开拓中国社会主义建设道路的过程中,获得了丰硕的理论成果,作出了巨大的历史贡献。但其晚年也存在着一些方法论上的罅漏及其在具体运用中的失误:一、在思想路线上,发生了经验主义对“实事求是”的僭越;二、在群众路线上,误入了两条歧途:群众观点与群众方法相割裂,群众路线与群众运动相混淆;三、在矛盾分析法的具体运用中,出现了几处逾矩:关于矛盾普遍性与特殊性、主要矛盾与次要矛盾、矛盾的斗争性与同一性、生产力与生产关系、主观能动性与客观规律性、直接经验与间接经验等诸对范畴的处理简单片面化。以上种种因素综合造成毛泽东晚年探索最终被错误趋向压倒。

The present thesis tries to make a meticulous analysis on the methodological roots of Mao Zedong抯 mistakes in his old age. First of all, Mao抯 Empiricism goes beyond the rule of 搒eeking the truth from facts? secondly, he takes the wrong road by separating mass viewpoint from mass method and confusing mass line with mass movement; thirdly, he simplifies the relationship between factors such as universality and particularity of contradictions, principal and nonprincipal contradictions, unity and identity of contradictions, productive power and relations of production, subjective initiative and objective regularity, direct and indirect experiences. All the factors combined together lead to the mistakes committed by Mao in his old age.