人工湿地植物研究

Macrophytes in Artificial Wetland

本文阐述了植物在人工湿地污水净化过程中作用及存在的若干问题 ,提出了研究人工湿地植物的一些设想 .植物在人工湿地中起着非常重要的作用 ,不但直接摄取利用污水中的营养物质、吸收富集污水中的重金属等有毒有害物质 ;而且输送氧气到根区 ,提供根区微生物生长、繁殖和降解对氧的需求 ;还能维持和加强人工湿地系统内的水力学传输 .但目前人工湿地植物的应用还存在着枯死衰退、杂草丛生和根系扩展较浅等问题 ,影响人工湿地的净化功能 .通过对人工湿地植物生理生态特性如气体代谢、光合作用、逆境生理和相生相克等研究 ,筛选出优良植物种类 ,创造适宜人工生境 ,将有利于充分发挥湿地植物功能 。

The role and problem of macrophyte in artificial wetland for wastewater treatment are summarized and some research interests are proposed in this paper. Macrophyte plays three important roles in artificial wetland. 1) Uptake the nutrients, adsorb and accumulate heavy metal and poisonous substances from wastewater. 2) Transfer oxygen to rhizophere for the growth, reproduction and decompositions of microorganisms. 3) Enhance and stabilize the hydraulic transportation of media. However, die back of macrophyte, grown weed and shallow extension of root in the wetland, which affect the growth and purification efficiency of plants in wetland, are porblems for artificial wetland management. To strengthen and enhance the roles of macrophyte and the wastewater purification function of artificial wetland, the physiological ecology of macrophyte such as gas transportation and exchange, photosynthesis, stressed physiology and allelopathy of macrophyte should be studied further to select optimum macrophyte species and suitable artificial habitat should be established in the artificial wetland.