顺应历史发展潮流,重塑多元价值理论——论深化改革与促进发展的经济学价值论基础

Re-establishment of the Theory of Pluralistic Value-On Further Reformation and the Economic Foundation of Theory of Value

具有历史局限性的劳动价值论受到实践挑战并被其他理论超越是不可避免的。社会经济发展的条件、动力和主体多元化了 ,与其相适应的经济价值论也必然要多元化。商品价值的本质是人的需求同商品之间的关系。商品价值的决定是一个多层次多元的综合体系 ,它由“天人合一”论、供求均衡论、生产要素论和需求要素论所构成 ,劳动价值论只是其中的“特例”。生产要素贡献论与合法产权收益论是市场经济条件下必然的收益分配原则 ,它对“一家独享”和“吃大锅饭”的不平等都是排斥的。劳动价值论所认定的剥削只是一种极端情形 ,而依据多元价值论则能对剥削作出更具普遍性的说明。资本的性质及作用取决于它的来源和使用方式。中国现阶段的大多数民营企业家为国为民做出了重大贡献 ,不应一概斥之为剥削阶级。“全心全意依靠工人阶级”的实质是指始终要依靠先进生产力的代表 ,而不是固定不变的哪部分人群 ,它同“科学技术是第一生产力”应当是统一的。随着生产发展和社会进步 ,中产阶级壮大不可避免 ,但这不是坏事 ,毕竟我们革命和建设不是要制造更多无产者。中产阶级在社会阶级或阶层构成中占相当大的一个多数是实现社会稳定和发展的重要条件。

It is inevitable that the theory of labor value has been challenged by the social reality and exceeded by some other theories because of its historical limitations. With the pluralism of the condition, motive force and main body of social economic development, the corresponding economic theory of value cannot but become pluralistic. The essence of the commodity value lies in the relationship between the demands and the commodity itself, and the commodity value depends on the synthetic system of pluralistic factors. The contribution theory of production factors and income theory of lawful property right certainly becomes the profit distribution principle under the condition of market economy. The theory of labor value defines the exploitation only in an extreme way while the theory of pluralistic value gives it a much more universal explanation and believes that the character and function of capital are determined by its source and the way of using it. With the production development and social progress, the middle class inevitably grows steadily, and the major proportion of which in social class and stratum well become the crucial condition for the social stability and development.