不同限制因子对苎麻纤维细度的影响

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT INHITIVE FACTOR ON FIBER FINENESS OF RAMIE

根据湖南农学院苎麻研究所近20年的研究,结果表明:a.不同品种的苎麻纤维支数有显著差异,高支数品种与低支数品种间相差可达1500支以上;b.苎麻不同生长期与纤维支数关系很大,最早一期收获与最迟一期收获二者纤维支数相差达1～1.5倍;c.苎麻解剖结构,过氧化物酶同工酶关系密切,单纤维细度和强力受纤维细胞直径和壁厚的共同作用表现为纤维细胞壁截面积大小的制约,优质高产苎麻品种的茎截面解剖特点是单个纤维细胞壁截面积较小,而茎内纤维细胞数目较多,类型I的苎麻品种C区酶带活性强,纤维支数高;d.不同海拔高度与苎麻单纤维支数成正相关,单纤维支数随着栽植密度而增加;e.土壤缓效钾与纤维支数,土壤速效钾与产量均呈显著正相关,纤维支数随着施氮量增加而降低,硼肥和螯合稀土能提高纤维支数;f.种子繁殖显著降低产量和纤维支数;g.提高苎麻纤维支数的措施是,采用无性繁殖、严禁种子繁殖,实行良种区域化,一地一种,以及经济施肥和配方施肥。

The study results are as follows: 1. The fineness of ramie fiber variesgreatly with the variety and the fineness of fine fiber varieties may be 1000counts higher than that of coares fiber varieties. 2. The fiber fineness varieswith growingst ages and the fiber harvested in the first stage is wtice as fineas that harvested in the last stage. 3. The anatomical structure and peroxidaseisozyme are closely correlated to the fiber fineness. The fiber fineness andstrength are affected by the diam eter of fiber cell and the thickness of cellwall, showing the restriction of cross-section area of cell wall. The stem ofhigh-yield and quality varieties has the following anatomical characteristics:small cross-section area of fiber wall and big fiber number in each stem. Var-ieties of style II have darker colour in C-region of peroxidsse isozyme stripeand finer fiber than that of other varieties. 4. Planting elevation is positi-vely relatedto the fiber fineness, which increases along with planting density.5. Exchangeable potassium in the soil is positively correlated with significa-nce to the fiber fineness, whereas no-exchangeable potassium in the soil ispositively correlated with significance to the fiber yield, but fiber finenessdecrease as nitrogen application inreases. Supplying boron or chelate rare-earchmetal increases fiber fineness. 6. Ramie propagated with seeds produces fibrewith low yield and fineness. 7. The measures of improving fiber fineness areas follows: vegetative propagation, varietal regional assignment and optimumfertilization.