耳后皮瓣血管的显微外科解剖学基础

Microsurgical anatomic study of the retroauricular flap

目的:研究颞浅动脉和耳后动脉之间的血管联系,以确定带不同血管蒂的耳后皮瓣的血供范围和皮瓣设计。方法:8具新鲜成人尸体经双侧颈总动脉灌注氧化铅-明胶混合液。掀起全层头皮和面部皮肤,将其展平摄X光片。结果:血管造影显示颞浅动脉和耳后动脉之间存在两种类型的血管吻合:一种是耳后区直接吻合,即在耳廓后面上方皮肤内可见颞浅动脉和耳后动脉发出的耳支之间存在直接吻合;另一种是头皮区网状吻合,即在耳上方头皮内可见来自颞浅动脉顶支和耳后动脉终末支之间的网状吻合。结论:本文结果有助于外科医生了解颞浅动脉和耳后动脉之间的血管联系,对耳后皮瓣的设计和改进提供可靠的解剖学基础。

Objective:To investigate the vascular communication between the superficial temporal artery (STA) and the posterior auricular artery (PAA) and determine the vascular territory of various retroauricular flaps for flap design. Methods: Eight fresh cadavers were injected with a lead oxide-gelatin mixture through the common carotid arteries. The full thickness of scalp and facial skin was removed with the STA and the PPA, and was rediographed. Results: Our angiographic study revealed that there were two patterns of vascular anastomosis between the STA and the PAA. Conclusion: The results of our anatomic study will be helpful for better understanding of the vascular communication between the STA and the PAA and the vascular territory of retroauricular flaps.