苎麻品种区域化及快速无性繁殖新技术的研究与推广

A STUDY AND POPULARIZATION OF VARIETAL REGIONAL ASSIGNMENT AND NEW TECHNIQUE OF FAST VEGETABLE PROPAGATION OF RAMIE

为了发展我国苎麻优势,针对生产上品种“多、乱、杂”和原麻品质下降的问题,笔者于1987年首先提出了“苎麻品种区域化”的建议,在湖南省政府的变持下,由湖南农学院苎麻研究、湖南省经济作物局主持,与上海市农科院作物研究所及湖南省10个苎麻纺织原料基地县等单位协作,开展了本项的研究,1979～1984年,相继研究成功切芽繁殖、腋芽繁殖、嫩梢繁殖和试管苗繁殖等一整套快速无性繁殖新技术,繁殖系数可达100倍,1000倍和10000倍;并采用边研究、边示范、边推广措施,短期内取得了明显的经济效益,据湖南省9个基地县统计,1984～1985年按品种区域化的要求新扩苎麻面积2.4×10~5多亩,其中切芽繁殖16.69×10~5亩,按市场价格计算,农业经济效益1.3×10~3元。此外,由于推广品种区域化种植,提高了纺织品质量,工业每年增收6.16×100元和创汇4.8×100~6美元。

To take the advantage of ramie superiority and to tackle the problems'numerous', 'disorderly', 'miscellaneous' Varieties and the quality de-clining of raw undegumming fiber, the author firstly suggested the project ofvarietal regional assignment. Under the support of the government of HunanProvince, the sponsors of Ramie Research Institute of Hunan AgriculturalCollege and Cash Crop Bereau of Hunan Province conducted the project withthe co-operation of the Crop Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agri-cutural Sciences and 10 ramie production-base counties. The propagation me-thods of micro-rhizone cuttings, axillary bud and young apical cuttings, cul-ture seedlings are among a series of new techniques of rapid vegetable propa-gation stuied. Their coefficients of multiplication are 100, 1000 and 10000,respectively. While the study is on, the new technique is demonstrated andpopularized with remarkable economic effect. According to the statistics of 9production-base counties in Hunan Province, of 240 000 mu new ramie fieldsestablished according to the varietal regional assignment from 1984 to 1985,169 000 mu of them originate from the propagation of micro-rhizome cuttings,gaining 0,13 billion yuan of benefit according to the market price. In ad-dition, the quality improvement of ramie textile products brings annually6.16 million yuan extra income and US $ 4.8 million worth foreign ex-change.