铸造工人腰背痛调查与脊柱力学负荷评定

The exposure-effects assessment of low back pain in foundry workers

目的 探讨脊柱力学负荷暴露与腰背痛患病率的关系。方法 6 17名铸造工人 ,分为后勤、车床、清理和造型四类工种 ,通过姿势分析和生物力学模型计算 ,评价其脊柱力学负荷暴露 ;以骨科体检和问卷方式分别调查工人腰背压痛和腰背疼痛主诉患病率。结果 后勤、车床、清理和造型工种脊柱力学负荷依次加重 ,而其腰背压痛阳性率则依次为1 7%、4 6 %、9 5 %和 16 8% ,与脊柱负荷呈剂量反应关系。

Objective To explore the exposure-effects relationship between the spinal biomechanics loads and low back pain. Methods Posture analysis, biomechanics model calculation, skeletal physical examination and questionnaire were used to assess spinal loads and the prevalence of low back pain in 617 foundry workers, including auxiliary workers, lathe operators, cleaners and moulders. Results The prevalence of point tenderness in auxiliary workers, lathe operators, cleaners and moulders were 1.7%, 4.6%, 9.5% and 16.8%, respectively, showing dose-response relationships with the spinal loads. Conclusion Point tenderness appeared to be significantly related to spinal loads, but pain complain was not.