胃癌错配修复基因hMLH1突变和启动子甲基化与基因不稳的关系

Relationship between mismatching repair gene hMLH1 mutation and promoter methylation and genetic instability in gastric cancer

目的 探讨胃癌hMLH1突变和甲基化异常与微卫星不稳 (MSI)的关系。方法 采用二维DNA电泳和DNA测序技术检测hMLH1突变 ;采用甲基化特异性PCR检测hMLH1启动子区的甲基化状态 ;采用PCR为基础的方法检测微卫星DNA不稳。结果 6 8例胃癌中检出hMLH1基因突变 3例 ,突变率为 4 .4 %。hMLH1突变与肿瘤大小、分化程度、组织学类型、浸润深度和临床病理分期无显著相关。正常胃黏膜未见hMLH1高甲基化。 6 8例胃癌中检出hMLH1高甲基化 11例 ,占 16 .2 % ,均为去甲基化和高甲基化并存。将MSI分为高频率MSI(MSI H ,≥ 2个位点 ) 8例、低频率MSI(MSI L ,仅为 1个位点 ) 9例和MSI阴性 (MSS) 5 1例三组 ,结果 3例hMLH1基因突变均发生于MSI H组 ,而MSI L和MSS组未见有突变者。MSI H组hMLH1高甲基化的检出率显著高于MSI L和MSS组 (P <0 .0 1～ 0 .0 0 1)。结论 hMLH1突变和高甲基化可能参与了MSI病理途径。

Objective To evaluate the relationship between hMLH1 mutation and promoter methylation and genetic instability in gastric carcinomas. Methods hMLH1 mutation was measured by two dimentional DNA electrophoresis and DNA sequencing. The methylation of hMLH1 promoter was measured with methylation specific PCR. MSI was analyzed by PCR based methods. Results Sixty eight cases of sporadic gastric carcinoma were studied for hMLH1 mutation and promoter methylation. hMLH1 mutaions were detected in three cases (4.4%) of gastric cancer. No association was observed between hMLH1 mutation and tumor size, differentiation, histological type, depth of invasion, metastasis or stages. Methylation of hMLH1 promoter was detected in 11 cases (16.2%) of gastric cancer. By using five microsatellite markers, MSI in at least one locus was detected in 17 of 68 (25%) cases of the tumors analyzed. hMLH1 mutations were all detected in MSI H(≥2 loci, n =8), but no mutation was found in MSI L (only one locus, n =9) or MSS (tumor lacking MSI or stable, n =51). Methylation frequence of hMLH1 in MSI H was significantly higher than that in MSI L or MSS ( P <0.01 0.001), but no diference was found between MSI L and MSS groups ( P >0.05). Conclusion hMLH1 mutation and promoter methylation may be involved in MSI pathway in gastric cancer.