蔺草染土粉尘的特性及职业危害

Characteristics of Rush-Mat Dust and Its Occupational Hazard

目的 研究蔺草染土粉尘的特性及其对作业场所环境污染的特点。方法 按GB5 74 8— 85和GB16 2 2 5— 1996规定的方法在同一作业点同时测定总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘浓度 ;分别用焦磷酸重量法和X射线衍射法测定粉尘中游离SiO2 含量 ,X射线衍射法测定粉尘矿物学结构。结果 总粉尘浓度几何均数为(2 7 90± 2 82 )mg/m3 ,呼吸性粉尘浓度几何均数为 (6 78± 2 5 2 )mg/m3 ,两者呈正相关 ,r =0 873,P <0 0 1,两种粉尘浓度均数的比值为 4 11;X射线衍射法测定总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘中游离SiO2 含量分别为 4 5 87%和 2 1 37% ;构成染土粉尘的矿物主要有石英、高岭土、叶腊石、云母。结论 蔺草染土是一种混合性矿物粉尘 ,其中呼吸性粉尘约占 2 5 % ;由于环境中粉尘浓度很高 ,长期接触可引起尘肺 。

Objective To evaluate the characteristics of Rush mat dust and its pollution to work site environment.Methods Total and respirable dust concentrations on the same work site were monitored according to GB5748-85 and GB16225-1996.Free silica contents in dust were determined by X ray diffraction and pyrophosphoric acid methods respectively.The mineralogical compositions of dust were analyzed by X ray diffraction method.Results The geometrical mean of total and respirable dust concentration were(27 90±2 82)mg/m 3 and(6 78±2\^52)mg/m 3 respectively.The correlation coefficient between total and respirable dust was 0 873( P<0 01 )and the concentration ratio is 4 11.Free silica contents in total and respirable dust were 45 87% and 21 37% respectively.Its mineralogical compositions mainly were quartz,kaoline,pyrophyllite and mica.Conclusions Rush mat dust is a mixture of minerals,25% of which is respirable.Because of its high concentration,pneumoconiosis may develop among those exposed workers and combined actions of diverse minerals were also important.