某铁路局机务段作业场所柴油机废气颗粒物污染状况调查

Survey on Concentration and Distribution of Particulates in Diesel Exhaust from Diesel Engine Locomotives

目的 了解机务段不同作业场所中柴油机废气的污染水平 ,测定柴油机废气的总颗粒物、可吸入颗粒物浓度及分散度。方法 用滤膜重量法、格林氏沉降法对作业场所的柴油机废气颗粒物 (DEP)的浓度及分散度进行测定。结果 DEP总颗粒物平均浓度以东风 4D型机车空载状态下最高 ,为 1 5mg/m3 ,其次为东方红 3型机车空载状态 ,浓度为 1 3mg/m3 ;DEP可吸入性颗粒物平均浓度以停车场机车启动后最高 ,为 1 0mg/m3 ,其次为新库班中 ,浓度为 0 5mg/m3 ;分散度测定显示 ,DEP以粒径 <5 μm的为主。结论 柴油机类型、运行状态、作业环境大小及有无通风设施是影响作业场所DEP浓度的主要因素 ;DEP中以可吸入性颗粒物为主。

Objective To investigate the concentration and distribution of particulates in diesel exhaust from diesel engine locomotives.Methods The concentration was measured by gravimetric method,and the particulate distribution by Greenberg Smith impinger.Results The highest average concentration of total particulate(1 5 mg/m 3)occurred in Dongfeng 4D type locomotive when there was no load.The next occurred in Dongfanghong 3 type when there was also no load,1 3 mg/m 3.The highest concentration of respirable particulates( 1 0 mg/m 3 )occurred in the parking lot when locomotives started.The next occurred in the new storeroom with a concentration of 0 5 mg/m 3.Distribution analysis showed the particulates were mainly <5 μm.Conclusions The main factors influencing the concentration are the type of the locomotives,mode of operation,room of environment space,and the ventilation system.The particulates are mainly respirable.