小学生口腔健康教育及近期效果评价

An Assessment on Oral Health Education of Primary School Pupils and Short-term Effects

目的 通过口腔健康教育及干预,期望小学生在口腔卫生保健知识、态度、行为方面有明显改变,卫生水平有明显提高。方法 对两所小学四年级9-10岁336名学生进行口腔健康检查,并通过口腔卫生知识讲座、技能培训和口腔卫生知识竞赛进行为期3个月的口腔健康教育及干预。结果 试验组口腔卫生知识掌握率89.7％,高于对照组67、8％;牙龈指数0.12,低于对照组0.39;软垢指数0.87,明显低于对照组1.26,三个指标两组间均存在高度显著性差异（P<0.005）,健康教育近期内取得了良好的效果。结论 经过口腔健康教育干预,实验组学生在有关口腔卫生保健知识、态度、行为方面有了明显改变,口腔水平有了明显提高,因此认为实验达到了预期的效果,实验中采取的健康教育方法是成功的。有关实验的中、远期效果评价有待于进一步研究。

Objective The purpose of this research was to gather information about the attitude, awareness and behavior of primary school pupils, to improve their oral hygiene level through oral health education and promotion. Methods A sample of 336 pupils, aged 9-10 year-old, from 2 different primary schools was randomly divided into two groups. All the pupils were examined for dental caries dft (DMFT) , peri-odontal status (Gingival index, Calculus index and Debris index) and were asked to complete a structured questionaire. Then, the experimental group was educated through lectures of oral hygiene, skill training and a contest of oral hygiene knowledge. Results The percentage of oral hygiene knowledge of experimental and control groups were 89.7% and 67.8% respectively. The difference was quite significant (P < 0.005) .The Gingival index of the experimental group was 0.12, which was lower than that of the control group (0.39). The difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The Debris index showed that the experimental group had a score of 0.87, compared with 1.26 in the control group. The difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.001) . Conclusion The results of the study showed that dental information, attitude, awareness and behaviour of the primary school pupils in short term had improved through oral health education and promotion. At the same time, their oral hygiene level had also improved.