成都市城区儿童哮喘流行病学调查

Epidemiological Survey on Childhood Asthma in Chengdu

目的 了解成都市儿童哮喘的患病率、发病规律及影响因素。方法 采取随机、整群、不等比抽样方法。选择成都市区的 1个居民区和 1个工业区 ,分别抽取每个区的 2个街道办事处管辖的全部 0～ 14岁儿童为调查对象 ,先向家长发放问卷初筛表 ,然后筛选出相关疾病的可疑患者 ,再经呼吸专科医师问诊和查体以明确诊断。结果 实际调查人数为 10 2 2 1人 ,确诊婴幼儿哮喘、儿童哮喘及过敏性咳嗽患儿共 44 3例 ,累计患病率为 4 3 3 %。患儿的性别、年龄、首次发作年龄、呼吸道感染、摄入或吸入过敏原、遗传因素等均与哮喘发病显著相关。哮喘好发季节为秋冬季或换季时 ,夜间哮喘占 3 9 5 % ,早期明确诊断及接受正规吸入激素治疗的比例较低。结论 本次调查证实成都市儿童哮喘的患病率较高 ,且早发于婴幼儿期 。

Objective To find out the prevalence rate,suffering regulation and the affecting factors of childhood asthma in chengdu Methods Methods By randomly clusterdisproportional sampling survey was conducted among all the children aged between 0 and 14 years old in two streets of 1 resident district and 1 industrial district respectively of chengdu urban areas. First,their parents filled in the questionaires,then the dubious cases were screened out and inquired and physical examined by physicians of repiratory department Result A total of 10221 children were surveyed The prevalence rate of childhood asthma for age group 0～14 was 4 33% The patient's sex,age,the age of first outbreak?respiratory infection,allergic and genetic factors were significantly related to asthmatic attack In autumn,winter or seasons alternating,asthmatic attack was common The proportion of night asthma was 39 5% And the proportion of acception an early definite diagnosis and standard corticosteroid inhalation were very low Conclusions The prevalence rate of childhood asthma increased obviously and asthmatic children had an early onset of asthma before 3 years old. Asthmatic attack was affected by various factors The resulls can provide basis for researches concerned with mass prevention and treatment of asthma