中国传统戏场声学问题初探

A primary study of the acoustics of Chinese traditional theatrical buildings

中国传统戏曲历史悠久 ,在公元 11～ 14世纪的宋、元时代已趋成熟。传统戏曲演出的舞台形式特殊 ,多半为亭式建筑 ,三面敞开并伸入听众席。以虚拟时空为特点的传统戏曲表演形式 ,只需在一裸台上进行。因此不高的舞台顶棚 (不少还是穹顶 )和后墙组成的声反射罩 ,既有利于声音反射至听众 ,也可给演唱者获得声学上支持 ,使演唱更为舒畅。实测资料表明 ,传统式中型厅堂戏场的混响时间取 1.0s左右是合适的。研究传统戏场的这些建筑声学特征 。

The performing arts in China could be traced back to a long history and had well developed during the Song and Yuan Dynasties,11～14th centuries.A unique kind of pavilion,open on three sides and thrusting into the audience area,was the most popular form of stage in the open air theatres and the courtyard theatres,or the indoor theatres at that time.As the traditional Chinese opera is performed in an abstract way,no stage settings are used.Therefore,the pavilion stage including the stage ceiling(sometimes in concave shape)and the back wall is virtually functioned as a reflective shell,which increases the early reflections and also intensified the sound in the audience area.Meanwhile,it provides sufficient support to the performer.The measured reverberation times of some traditional halls show that they are around 1.0s at major frequency bands,which is recognized as an optimal value for traditional opera in a moderate size hall.