俄国自由主义反对派与1917年二月革命

The Liberalist Faction of Opposition and the February 1917 Revolution in Russia

自由主义是从中世纪向近代社会过渡时期的一种全欧现象。俄国自由主义经历了产生、发展、广泛传播等几个历史阶段。俄国在第一次世界大战中失利,使自由派与沙皇政权的矛盾尖锐起来。自由派以国家杜马和社会组织为阵地,提出“信任内阁”、“责任内阁”等口号,向政府中的“亲德派”展开进攻,并得到军队上层和“大公党”的同情与支持。自由派力图挽救“国家危机”和避免“革命灾难”。二月革命爆发后,自由派以维护社会秩序为由,建立了杜马临时委员会和临时政府。他们虽然掌握了国家政权,但并不能避免历史的厄运。

Liberalism is a kind of phenomenon in the whole Europe, which is the transition from the Middle Ages to theModern Times. Russian liberalism undergoes several historical periods, the emergence, the development and the propagate etc.Russia was defeated in the First World War, which made the conflict more intense between the Liberalism Group and the TsarPower. Taking Duma and the social associations as their basis, the liberalism group made the attack to the pro-Germany Groupof the government with the slogans of 'the Confidence Cabinet'and 'the Responsibility Cabinet'etc. They also get the supportand the sympathy from the upper strata of the army and 'the Grand Duke Party'. The liberalism Group tried to save the Statecrisis and avoid' the Revolution Disaster'. Alter the eruption of 'the March Revolution', the Libera1ism Group set up the Dumaprorisional commttee and prorisional government as the reason of keeping the public order. Although taking the power of thestate, they still could not miss the historic misfortune.