先秦至唐初《诗经》文本阅读的历史演化

Exploration of Historic Evolution of the Text-Reading of Shi Jing from Xian Qing to Early Time of the Tang Dynasty

本文考察自先秦到唐初的《诗经》阅读情况,认为《诗经》之文本意义有一个从阅读的文本向文本的阅读的转化,《毛诗正义》则为这种转化作了总结。先秦之时,当《诗》成为独立的阅读文本时,只具有词汇的意义;两汉的章句经学注意到《诗经》的语言形式,但是,四家诗同为阐明圣人之意,严守师法之授,故其差异,不过是阅读的“版本”不同而已;魏晋以后的《诗经》阅读,注重诗情文理,人自立说,表现出注重文本的特色;唐之《毛诗正义》受到魏晋诗学的影响,解说《诗序》、毛传、郑笺的孔疏,因注重文理而表现了一定的文本意识,披露了小序与诗辞之间的矛盾。但是这部钦定的著作,又一次使《诗经》的阅读回到“版本”阅读的底线,从而表明,《诗》只要是被作为经学的读本,就不会有真正意义上的文本阅读。

Inspecting the reading condition of Shi Jing from the Xian Qing age to the early time of the Tang Dynasty,we think that its text meaning had changed from the text for reading to text reading,and Mao Shi Zheng Yi is a summation about this change.During the Xian Qing age,Shi Jing was something like a glossary of terms when it became an independent text for reading.In the Han Dynasty,the scholars of Confucianism began to pay attention to the speech of poems.But all of the four schools only explained the opinions of Confucian and followed their primary lessons very strictly,so the difference among them was the four editions at all.During the time of the Wei and Jin Dynasties,scholar-officials laid stress on feelings and texture and showed more interests to the text reading.There were many different explanations of Shi Jing.By the influence of the research of the scholar-officials of the Wei and Jin Dynasties,Mao Shi Zheng Yi also laid stress on the texture in the explanation of the preface of poem,the annotation of Mao or Zheng Xuan In the early time of the Tang Dynasty.By the way it brought to light the contradiction between the preface and the speech of the poem.Because Mao Shi Zheng Yi was a textbook made by the imperial order,the reading of the scholar-officials became to a new reading of edition once more.It appears that there is no truly text reading of Shi Jing if it is a textbook of Confucianism.