由社会主体到自然主体——论宋代文人投身自然的几种表现形式

From Social Subjects to Natural Subjects——On the Transformation of the Natural Sentiment of the Song Scholars

宋代文人投身自然 ,实质上是一种由社会主体向自然主体的角色转换 ,这种角色转换表现为 4个层面 :在行为上诗酒山林、随遇皆乐 ;在心理上“安于冲旷、不与众驱”;在思想上“无愧于中、无责于外”;在感情上“不以物喜、不以己悲”。这四个层面归结到一点 ,则是抒写山水 ,营造“心灵屋宇”。文人们在这些“心灵屋宇”中流泄的是真挚的情感 。

Because of the difficult and complicated social life in the Song Dynasty, most scholars suffered a lot in their social life.They turned to enjoy the pleasure in the nature. That is the Conversion from the social subject to natural subject. This paper gives an account of the transformation from four aspects: behavior, psychology, thoughts and passion.