目标设定对作业行为影响的实验研究——计算能力纸笔测验的计算机程序化

AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF GOAL-SETTING UPON TASK BEHAVIOR

本实验将计算能力的纸笔测验编制成复杂的计算机程序,使测验的刺激呈现、结果记录和数据处理等全山计算机自动控制。通过大学生的不限时测验,显示了文科生与理科生在计算业绩上的显著差异。通过不限时和限时测验的比较,表明目标设定一方面具有激发动机,提高作业速度的作用;同时对短期作业行为又有“认知妨碍”的作用,从而影响作业的质量.

With an elaborately-worked-out program,a computer automatically controlled the re-cording of results and the processing of datain this experiment. The results of unlimitedtime test indicated the significant differencebetween students of liberal arts and studentsof sciences and engineering. The results ofcomparative experiment(unlimited time andlimited time)indicated: on the one hand,goal-setting plays a part in arousing motiva-tion and raising the speed of task; on theother, goal-setting plays a“cognitive inter-ruption”rote in the short-term task behavior,which affects the quality of tasks.