中国男子健将级跳高运动员神经类型和场依存性特征的研究

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF NERVE TYPES AND FIELD DEPENDENCE-INDEPENDENCE OF CHINESE MALE HIGH JUMP MASTERS OF SPORTS

本文运用了安菲莫夫矫正法和棒框测验两项心理测验方法,对中国81名现役男子跳高运动员(二级25人,一级33人,健将23人)进行了神经类型和场依存性一独立性等征两项心理素质的测定。数据处理结果发现:1.健将级运动员的神经类型分布差异达显著水平,其中安静型占47.83％,兴奋型占43.47％,而在其他两个等级的跳高运动员中,神经类型的分布差异都未达显著水平;2.健将级运动员的场独立性最强,与一、二级跳高运动员相比,其差异这显著水平。本文从理论上初步揭示了这两项心理素质与高水平跳高运动的内在联系,阐明了安静型与兴奋神经类型和较强的场独立性在跳高比赛中的优势。以上两个发现对男子跳高运动员的心理选材和训练都有参考价值。

A preliminary study of nerve types and field dependence-independenceof Chinese male high jumpers has been made by using Nerve Type Test andRod-Frame Test respectively. 81 present male high jumpers were used assubjects, 25 of them belonging to 2nd grade athletes with records from1.83m.to 1.99m, 33 belonging to 1st grade athletes with records from 2.00to 2.11m. and 23 to masters of sports with records of 2.12m. and above. The results of mathematical statistics show that 1. There is a signif-icant difference in the distribution of nerve types among the male mastersof sports in high jump, 47.83% belong to the quiet type and 43.47% tothe excited type, whereas there is no difference in the distribution of ne-rve types among the other two grades; 2. There is significant differenceamong the atheletes of the three grades in field independence, the fieldindependence of the masters of sports is the strongest. Basedon the above results and according to the theory of sports psy-chology and the characteristics of high jump, this paper has preliminarilyrevealed in theory the internal relations between the two above psycholog-ical diathesis and high jump, expounded the superiority in high jump ofathletes with quiet nerve type or excited nerve type and stronger field in-dependence. The above findings have referential value to psychologicalselection and training of male high jumpers.