6—12岁儿童识图能力的发展

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MAP READING ABILITY IN CHILDREN OF 6—12 YEAR OLDS

本实验通过让儿童将不同抽象程度及不同角度(0°或180°)的图与模型相匹配,来了解6—12岁儿童在识图能力方面的发展变化。重点考察图的抽象性及图的旋转(180°)对二维和三维匹配过程的影响。通过对儿童正确和错误反应的分析,我们可以看到:(1)儿童的识图能力有一个从开始的自我中心性反应到利用标记来反应,最后依靠心理旋转进行反应的发展过程;(2)图的抽象性对识图能力的影响只在识国能力水平较低时起作用;(3)图的旋转对儿童的识图有明显的影响,6岁时儿童已能认识无旋转的图,但直到8岁以后,儿童认识旋转180°的图的能力才有较好的发展。

The experiment was conducted in the attempt to understand the deve-lopment of children's map reading abilities. 96 children aged from 6 to12 years were asked to match a room model with two maps which haddifferent abstract level symbols and were shown in different angles (0°or 180°) . Ss were asked individually to match the maps with the model.The results have shown that: 1) the children's map reading ability deve-lopment is a process in which children first react egocentrically, and thenthey start to use landmarks, and at last they depend on mental rotation; 2)the abstractness of maps can influence the map reading process only whenchildren's map reading abilities were relatively poor; 3) the rotations ofmaps have significant influnces on map-reading reaction.of young childrenEven 6-year-old children can use non-rotated map properly, but theycan't use rotated maps until 8 or older.