李斯特的经济理论及其贡献

On List's Economic Theory and Its Contributions

李斯特对斯密的古典经济学理论 ,特别是国际自由贸易理论进行了全面、深刻地批判 ,为德国在市场经济初级阶段制定符合国情的经济发展战略和经济政策提供了理论基础。他在经济思想史上的贡献是多方面的 ,除了向经济学引入国家主义和生产力这两个新颖的观念外 ,他的历史分析法成为德国历史学派的理论先驱。他把国家制度和伦理道德看作经济增长的内生变量 ,对制度学派产生了重要影响。

List criticized Smith's classical economic theory, especially his theory of international free trade comprehensively and profoundly, and provided a theoretical foundation on which Germany formulated its development strategy and policies of economy that suited the special conditions of Germany in the early stage of its market economy. His contributions to the history of economic theories are manifold. Besides introducing the new concepts of nationalism and productivity into economics, his proposal of historical analysis is deemed as a pioneering work of the theory of German Historical School. He regarded the state's system and moral principles as the inner variables of economic growth, and this idea had a profound impact on the System School.