2001年农作物病虫害发生流行的气候影响评价

THE ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE CLIMATIC CONDITION ON THE OUTBREAK OF CROP PESTS AND DISEASES AND PREVALENCE IN 2001

综合分析了 2 0 0 1年气候条件对全国农作物病虫害发生流行的影响。春夏季全国大范围的持续严重高温干旱 ,造成全国农作物病虫害偏重发生 ,其特点是虫害重于病害 ,全国大部分地区以虫害为主 ,病害较轻。春夏季的高温干旱引发蝗虫全国大发生 ,但制约了小麦病虫害的严重发生 ,为中等发生年。全国主要稻区病虫害发生期间干旱、少雨、大雨频次低 ,限制了水稻病虫害的严重发生 ,为中等发生年。水稻稻飞虱中等偏轻发生 ,但造成长江流域水稻螟虫的中等偏重发生。东北、华北地区中后期温度降水配合相对适宜 。

The present paper has given a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the climatic condition on the growth of crops, as well as the outbreak of the pests and diseases that occurred in 2001 in China. The long lasting abnormal high temperature and serious drought in spring and summer in many areas led to the occurrence of crops pests as well as the outbreak of crop diseases, though the former proved to be more serious than the latter. Pests turned out to be the main disaster in many places, in China. Long lasting abnormal high temperature and drought in the spring and summer also caused locusts disaster to break out in many areas, though it was controlled and restricted to the harm to wheat. However, disease disaster turned out severe, which was thought of to be mid sized. On the other hand, serious drought, little precipitation and scarce of heavy rain took place in the main rice plant areas, which brought severe pests and diseases to the growth of the rice, which was taken as also mid sized; rice plant hopper was lighter than mid sized one; nevertheless, it still caused more serious damage in the Yangtze River reach than average rice bollworm. As to the areas northeast and the north of China, over high temperature and little precipitation, which coincided frequently in meta anaphase, actually brought about a more serious disaster than average to the corn farmers.