中国已婚育龄妇女性权利现状与评价

Evaluation on Sexual Rights of Chinese Married Women of Childbearing Age

全国人口与生殖健康调查为分析当代中国已婚育龄妇女享有性权利的现状提供了资料。进入本文分析的有偶已婚育龄妇女共12305名。对调查中提出的两个问题,即女方能否主动要求性生活和女方能否拒绝男方的性要求的拒答率分别为1.4％和1.3％。表明此次调查应答率高,资料可信。调查结果显示,中国已婚育龄妇女可以主动提出性生活要求的而且能实际做到的比例,城市妇女为55.7％,农村妇女为39.1％。认为女方不可以提出性生活要求的比例,城市妇女为15.1％,农村妇女为33.8％。调查结果还显示,中国已婚育龄妇女认为可以拒绝男方提出的性要求且能做到的比例,城市妇女为72.2％,农村妇女为57.8％。认为女方不可以拒绝的比例,城市妇女为12.8％,农村妇女为21.9％。表明当代中国已婚育龄妇女在享有性权利方面总的情况是好的,妇女受教育水平是享有更多性权利的重要因素。因此,进一步提高妇女教育水平和社会地位在保障她们享有平等性权利方面具有重要意义。

The 1997 NDRHS provides valuable information for evaluating the sex rights enjoyed by married Chinese women of childbearing age and the degree of China's sex ethics. Of the 12,305 currently married women of childbearing age in this analysis,only 1. 4% and 1. 3% refuse to answer the two questions:' Can wife initiate sex?' and ' can wife refuse to have sex with husband?' indicating that the survey results are reliable. The survey results reveal that 55. 7% of urban and 39. 1% of rural women thought that they can initiate sex and it is possible to do. However, 15. 1% of urban and 33. 9% of rural women did not think so. The survey also shows that 72. 2% of urban and 57. 8% of rural women thought that wife can refuse to have sex with husband and it is possible to do, while 12. 8% of urban and 21. 9% of rural women did not think so. In general, married women of chihdbearing age in China enjoy sex rights,particularly in urban areas. However, some problems persist. Womens educational level is the most important factor affecting their sex rights. The better education they have,the more sex rights they enjoy. Therefore,improving women's educational attainments, raising social status of rural and minority women are important for safeguarding equal rights.