樟树种源/家系早期性状变异及选择研究

A Study on Juvenile Cinnamomum camphora's Genetic Variance & Dominant Selection for Provenance/Families

在长江中下游地区的长江周边、太湖西苕溪、赣江中上游低山丘陵建立 4处试验林 ,包含种源试验林、种源 /家系二水平试验林。通过种源试验 ,4个试验点各选出优良种源 6个。研究表明 ,种源与地点交互作用达到极显著水平 ;生长优良且具较高稳定性的种源有福建邵武、广西全州、贵州铜仁、道真、湖南郴州、湖北蒲圻 ;幼年期香樟树高、胸径生长与经度呈极显著负相关 ,冻害与纬度呈极显著负相关。香樟幼年期种源 /家系二水平试验表明 ,余杭试验点和遂川试验点不同性状在家系间差异显著 ,种源层次的方差分量大大高于家系层次。根据家系的生长和适应性表现 ,选出了 36个优良家系 ,树高增加 10 %～ 4 9% ,地径增加 10 %～ 84 %。根据香樟适应性和生长表现 ,进行种源区划分 ,将香樟种源区划分为北带种源区 (Ⅰ )、中部种源区 (Ⅱ )和南带种源区 (Ⅲ )。

During provenance/families tests of Cinnamomum camphora in the areas from the middle & lower reaches of Chanjiang River Xizhao Stream of the Tai Lake, The middle & upper reaches of Ganjiang River, six dominant provenances per test area were selected. The result shows that there is extremely significant interaction between provenance and locations.There are 6 best superior provenances that grow quickly and steadily(in Shaowu, Fujian; Quanzhou, Guangxi; Tongren, Daozheng, Guizhou; Chenzhou, Hunan; Puqi, Hubei). Seedling height and ground diametre has significantly negative relationship with longitude. There is a same relationship between latitude and freeze injury value. Families have significant different growth characteristics accordling to provenance/families test, especially in Yuhang area and Shuichuang area. Provenance variance component is larger than that of families. So according to growth and adaptability of its families, 26 superior provenances are selected, which increase 10%～49% in height, 10%～84% in ground diameter, and the provenance is divided into 3 zones according to their adaptability and growth characteristics. i.e. North provenance(Ⅰ), Middle provenance(Ⅱ), South provenance(Ⅲ).