东北梅花鹿与东北马鹿最佳种群结构的数学模型

THE MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF THE OPTIMAL AGE-SEX DISTRIBUTIONS OF S1KA DEER ( CERVUS NIPPON HORTULORUM ) AND WAPITI (CERVUS CANADENSIS )

为了使东北梅花鹿(Cervus nippon hortulorum)和东北马鹿(Cervus canadensis)在现有数量的基础上获得最大的经济收益,本文用系统分析法对其种群结构进行了研究。所得种群结构状态的矩阵模型为,X_((?)+1)=A·X_(?)-C。其中,AX_t为鹿群自然变动情况;C为人为控制量;所得线性规划模型为: 根据对典型鹿场多年调查所获数据,利用本线性规划模型,得出了这两种鹿的最佳种群结构。该结构与现行相比,每1000头的鹿场年增加净收益,梅花鹿为117675.35元;马鹿为127080.64元。若全国范围内应用本结构,其经济收益相当可观。

The optimum age-sex distributions of Sika deer and Wapiti were established by means of the system analysis method to obtain the largest economic benefits on the basis of fixed number of deer population, A matrix model was set up to discuss the state of the population age-sex distribution : Xt+1 = AXt-C. Among the formula, AXt represents the natural tendency of the population; C, the measures of artificial control, A model-linear programming set up was, Ymax = ∑BmXm + ∑BnUn+ ∑BpCp s.t.∑Xi≤N + △N ≥N-△N X=AX-C Basing on the data gained from actual deer farms and using the model-linear programming, the optimum age-sex distributions of Sika deer and Wapiti calculated were as follows respectively : sika deer, 18.41% reproductive does; 2.04% infant does; 1.95% puberty does; 77.63% buck deer. Wapiti, 25.40% reproductive does; 2.93% infant does; 5.34% puberty does; 66.33% buck deer. Comparing the optimum age-sex distribution with the present, the optimum can gain 117675.35 RMB more than the present in Sika deer, 127 080.64RMB more than the present in Wapiti, in a population of 1000.