甲酸甲酯水解制备甲酸的工艺研究

Study on the technology of preparing formic acid by hydrolysis of methyl formate

研究了在甲酸为自催化剂的条件下 ,甲酸甲酯与水进行水解反应 ,考察了反应温度、水酯比、反应时间等对水解反应的影响 ,并用正交实验方法确定了水解反应的适宜工艺条件。并确立了甲酸 水二元体系甲酸浓度的校正系数方程及 80kPa压力下的恒沸组成 ,通过常压精馏工艺得到 81%～ 85 % (mass)的甲酸溶液 ,最终建立了甲酸常压跨恒沸点精馏的工艺。

The preparation process of formic acid (FA) by hydrolysis of methyl formate (MF) and distillation of FA were studied. The influences of temperature, water/MF molecular ratio and reaction time on hydrolysis of MF were observed and the best process conditions for hydrolysis of MF were determined by orthogonol experiments. The rectifying equation of MA concentration for FA H 2O system was established, and the constant boiling compositions for the same system was also measured. 81%～85% formic acid solution was prepared by atmospheric rectification, and, finally, a MA rectifying process across constant boiling point was established.