老年公寓和社区丧偶老人心理状态的对照研究

Mental health status of widows/widowers in an aging apartment

目的研究老年公寓和社区中丧偶老人主观幸福感、抑郁情绪及影响因素。方法用纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表(MUNSH)、流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)日常生活能力量表(ADL)和自制调查表对入住老年公寓6个月以上、已丧偶两年之久的65～85岁老人68人和生活在社区自己家里的同样情况的老人68人逐一测查,并对结果进行统计分析。结果入住老年公寓的丧偶老人总的幸福度均值与社区丧偶老人无统计学差异;抑郁情绪总均分略高于社区丧偶老人,但无统计学差异;对老年公寓中丧偶老人心理状态影响较大的因素是健康状况、生活自理能力、儿女亲属的关怀支持和经济收入。结论丧偶老人在一定条件下仍能有较高的幸福感;老年公寓是丧偶老人一种可取的养老方式。

Objective To study the subjective well being and depression of widows/widowers in an aging apartment. Methods Sixty eight widows/widowers who lost their husbands/wives at least 2 years ago and living in an aging apartment for more than 6 months were investigated using MUNSH, CES D, ADL and general information questionnaire. Another 68 widows/widowers with the same condition but living in their families were also investigated. Results The subjective well being of the two group widows/widowers showed no statistical difference. Though the depression score of the widows/widowers living in the apartment was slightly higher than that of those living in their families, there was also no statistical difference. For widows/widowers living in aparement, the influence factors on their psychological status were their health condition, the ability of living alone, the care of their off springs and their economic income. Conclusion Widows/widowers will still have high level of well being under some conditions, the aging apartment is a good place to live for them.