水蛭对糖尿病大鼠肾脏病变的防治作用及机理探讨

Efficacy and Mechanism of Leechon Diabetic Nephropathy in Strptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

目的:探讨水蛭对糖尿病大鼠肾脏病变的防治作用及其可能机理。方法:40只SD大鼠随机分成正常对照组、模型组与水蛭组。水蛭〔1.67g/(kg·d)〕混入普通饲料给药;实验第90、180天分别测24h尿蛋白量,尿微量白蛋白及尿NAG并经尾静脉取血测血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Scr)。实验结束时颈动脉取血测血浆一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)、全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物(PAI)等,并进行肾脏光镜及透射电镜观察。结果:模型组大鼠6个月时出现明显高凝、高粘现象,肾脏微血管病变比较明显。水蛭组3个月时尿微量白蛋白显著低于模型组(P<0.05),6个月时水蛭组24h尿蛋白显著低于模型组(P<0.001),尿NAG、TG、MDA等也有显著性差异,且高凝、高粘现象及微血管病变也得到明显改善。结论:水蛭虽不能完全保护或阻止糖尿病肾病的发生发展,但可延缓或减轻糖尿病大鼠肾脏病变的的发生发展。

Objective:To evaluate the protective effect and mechanism of leech on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Methods:Three groups of male sprague-dawley rats were studied:normal control rats,streptozotocin diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated with leech 1.67g/(kg·d).Serum creatinine,urea nitrogen, urinary albumin excretion rate and NAG as well as urinary microalbumin excretion rate,were observed at 3,6 months of treatment.At six months after treatment, all were animal were killed,triglyceride(TG),nitrogenmonoxide(no), malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX),as well as tissue plasminogen activetor(t-PA) and plasminogen activetor inhibitor(PAI) were observed. Renal tissues of rats were observed with optical microscope and transmission eletronic microscope. Results:At three months,the preventive group exhibited statistically significant decrease in the urinary microalbumin excretion rate,comparied to model groups.At six months,luotong-treated diabetic rats caused a significant decrease in the urinary albumin excretion,the urinary albumin excretion,the urinary NAG,serum TG, PAI and MDA, while increase in the serum t-PA.the STZ-diabetic renal showed the pathological damages were milder than the preventive group and normal control group according to the data from optical and eletronic microscope, and various indexs of preventive group were better than model group. Conclusions:Early treatment of leech may be helpful in delaying or possibly preventing the dibetic nephropathy,and this effect may be partly achieved by lipid-lowing and decreasing the lesions of oxygen free radical.