等离子体质谱法测定天然水中痕量元素

Determination of Trace Elements in Natural Waters Using ICP-MS

本文利用ICP-MS分析技术检出限低,可同时测定多元素,以及溶液进样等特点,建立了天然水中多种痕量元素分析的有效方法,研究了整个测定质量范围内的背景、干扰及其克服方法,讨论了水中Na、Mg、Ca等元素产生的基体效应对被测元素的影响。对含盐量较低的天然水样,可直接测定的痕量元素达50余种,测定限为0.x—xμg/L。高盐水样如海水、卤水等的测定,本文选择共沉淀法,以Fe(OH)_3为捕集剂,使被测元素与大量的碱金属、碱土金属基体分离。分离后可测40种痕量元素,测定限为0.0x—0.xμg/L。

The application of ICP-MS to the determination of trace elements in natural waters is presented in this paper.For waters with low dissolved salt contents, more than 50 elements can be analyzed directly with the determination limits of 0.x-xμg/L. The possible interferences and matrix effects along with the approaches to overcoming them were investigated.For waters with high dissolved salt contents, such as brines, the Fe(OH)3 coprecipitation procedure was selected to separate and preconcentrate the analytes from the matrices, NaCl, MgCl2 etc. After separation, 40 elements can be determined with the determination limits of 0.0x-0.x μg/L.