文艺:复制普遍永恒的理念——评叔本华唯意志文论

Literature and Art: The Duplicating of the Universal and Eternal Ideas--A Brief Account of Schopenhauer's Literrary Theory of Voluntarism

叔本华的唯意志哲学是西方非理性思潮的开端 ,其唯意志文论直接导源于唯意志哲学 ,在文艺的起源、作用、本质及文艺与社会和人生的关系等方面都提出了不同于传统文学的观点。他主张用审美观审来把握理念 ,把握世界本质 ,强调艺术的目的是复制理念 ,表现普遍永恒的世界本质 ,把形而上的理念视为艺术的惟一对象和源泉 ,这种文艺观是对古希腊以来占据欧洲文论主导地位的“模仿说”的反拨。

Schopenhauer's theory of Voluntarism started the western trend of ire\|rationalism. His theory about literature and art, directly derived from Voluntarism, is different from that in western tradition not only on literature\|art's origination, functions and essence but also on its relationship with society and human life. Schopenhauer insisted in the view that we should grasp the ideas and the essence of the world by aesthetic\|intuition. The destination of literature and art, he emphasized, was to copy ideas, also to express the universal and eternal essence of the word. Only metaphysical ideas were the target and source of art. Schopenhauer's viewpoints on literature and art made a refutation against the theory of imitation that dominated the western literature\|art history since time of ancient Greek.