超高产基因型小麦冠层叶片生理特性及与有关产量性状的关系

Leaf physiological characteristic and its correlation with yield characters of super-high-yield genotypes in wheat

以 14个不同基因型小麦为试验材料 ,对超高产基因型小麦冠层结构的生理特性及其与有关产量性状的相关性进行了研究。结果表明 ,小麦超高产基因型与非超高产基因型相比 ,其冠层叶片具有明显的生理优势 ,表现为 :①灌浆中期至灌浆结束 ,叶面积指数一直维持较高水平 ;②冠层透光率在抽穗期叶面积指数较大时较高 ,中后期叶面积指数较小时较低 ;③叶绿素含量平均高 1 1%～ 15 6 % ;④SOD酶活性高 5 6 %～ 16 0 % ;⑤MDA含量从抽穗一直到灌浆后期保持较低水平 ;⑥上三叶光合速率平均高 15 6 %。相关分析表明 ,叶绿素含量、SOD酶活性与单位叶面积粒数、单位叶面积粒重、穗粒数、千粒重、籽粒产量呈显著正相关 ,MDA与上述 5个产量性状呈显著负相关。

Leaf physiological characteristic and its correlation with yield characters of super high yield genotype wheat were investigated using 14 genotypes.The results showed that compared with common high?yield genotypes,the super high yield genotypes had obvious physiological superiorities:①The LAI of green leaves has been maintaining higher level from mid term to end filling.②The transmittance of the canopy was higher at heading when LAI was large,and lower during later development stages when LAI small.③The chlorophyll content of leaves was averagely 1 1%?15 6% higher.④SOD activity was 5 6%?16 0% higher.⑤MDA content was maintained lower from heading stage to end filling stage.⑥Photosynthesis rate of the top three leaves was 15 6% higher.Correlation analysis indicated that the chlorophyll content and SOD activity were significantly and positively correlated with the grain number per leaf area,grain weight per leaf area,grains per spike,1 000 grain weight and grain yield,whereas MDA was significantly and negatively correlated with the five yield characters.