对话——文学的存在方式

Dialogue: Literature's Way of Surviving

传统的文学本体论往往把文学当作一个固定不变的对象来看待 ,试图寻找文学某种稳定的本质特征 ,回答“文学是什么” ,把文学的某一属性当作文学的本体 ,模仿说、表现说、形式说所走的都是这一路子。本文认为 ,传统文学本体论提问的方式是错误的 ,不应该追问“文学是什么” ,而应该追问“文学如何存在”。从这一角度看 ,文学就是人类的一种对话方式 ,是作者和读者以文本为核心进行的心灵交流。这一对话是双向逆反的过程 。

Traditional literature ontology usually takes literature as something unchangeable so as to try to look for the nature of steadiness. It answers 'what literature is', which is followed by theory of imitation and theory of form. This article, however, puts forward the idea that 'how literature survives' instead of 'what literature is'. Seen from this respect, literature is thought to be a way of human dialogue, a way of communication between author and reader. This dialogue should be two way in opposite directions, which contains complex dialogue regulations.