二棱和四棱皮大麦农艺性状对产量的通径分析与比较研究

Path-coefficients Analysis and Comparison on Agronomy Characters to Yield in the Different Types of Barley

对二棱带皮型和四棱带皮型大麦的 7个农艺性状与单株产量分别进行了通径分析和比较研究 .结果表明 :在二棱大麦中 ,各性状对单株产量的直接正效应从大到小的顺序依次为 :单株穗数、千粒重、芒长和穗长等 ;而在四棱大麦中 ,则为 :单株穗数、穗粒数、穗粒重和千粒重等 .可见两种类型中 ,单株穗数对单株产量的贡献均居首位 .因此 ,两种类型的大麦要提高单株产量均应以增加单株有效穗数为主 ,二棱皮大麦要兼顾高千粒重、长芒和长穗为配合选择指标 ;四棱皮大麦则应有两种选择模式 :饲用大麦追求高产 ,应注重“穗重型” ;而啤酒大麦应以大粒高产为主要育种目标 .

By means of path-coefficient analysis, seven main agronomy characters to yield per plant were studied in two-rowed husked barley and four-rowed husked barley. The path analysis results showed: that the direct effects of the different characters to yield per plant were the numbers of ear per plant, 1000-grain weight, awn length and ear length in big to small order in two-rowed husked barley. So were four-rowed husked barley: the numbers of ear per plant, the numbers of grain per ear, grain weight per ear and 1000-grain weight. In two types of barley, the numbers of ear per plant were the most important contribution to yield per plant in all characters. Therefore, in breeding the barley of two types should all enhance the effective numbers of ear per plant for increasing yield per plant. Two-rowed husked barley should also had height 1000-grain weight, length awn and length ear. Four-rowed husked barley had two kinds of breeding models. One model: the barley of forage using should select 'the type of ear weight' for high yield. Another model: malting barley should select large grain and high yield.