通径系数法分析中国酸雨中主要离子与pH值的关系

Analyzing the relationship between ion concentration and pH value in acid rain in China with path coefficient

为客观评价酸雨中各主要阴、阳离子对酸度的相对贡献 ,首次运用通径系数法对中国酸雨中主要离子与 pH值的关系进行了探讨 .分析结果表明 ,在影响酸雨 pH值的主要离子中 ,阴离子的致酸作用是主要的 ;致酸阴离子以SO2 -4 最重要 ,其次是NO-3 ,两者的重要性SO2 -4 是NO-3 的 4.5倍 ;而Cl-的作用相对较弱 .Ca2 + 和Mg2 + 在中和酸度的作用上其重要性大致相当 ,是最为重要的两种碱性阳离子 ,其次是NH+ 4;而K+ 和Na+ 的重要性不大 .在所考虑的主要离子中 ,除了对pH值的直接影响外 ,还存在程度不同的间接影响 .酸雨中大部分离子的百分含量与其直接通径系数 (绝对值 )百分比大致相当 ,而Mg2 + 和Cl-却成反向相差很大 ,说明离子的重要性不仅与其含量有关 ,而且可能和其来源关系密切 .表4,参 30 .

In order to assess the relative contribution of main ions to pH value in acid rain in China objectively, the authors originally applied path coefficient to analyze the relation between ion concentration and pH value. The effect indicated that pH value is influenced by the both of anion and cation, and the function that anion induced acidity is more important. SO 2- 4is the most significant induced-acidity anion, and the second is NO - 3, the rate of direct path coefficient of the both anions is 4.5; while the function of Cl - is weak. In the respect of neutralizing acid,Ca 2+and Mg 2+ are two most important cations, and the second is NH + 4, while K + and Na +are less important. There are apparent indirect influences on pH value among ions besides direct influence. The importance of ions to pH value not only related with their content but also related with their origins.4tabs.,30refs.