试析蒙古政教关系的历史、现状及存在的问题

An Analysis of the Past and Present Relationship Between Politics & Religion in Mongolia and Its Existing Problems

蒙古的政教关系以 1 989年底开始的“民主改革”为界可划分为两个时期。从 1 92 1年人民革命胜利以来 ,蒙古的政教关系经历了由相互协作、利用到相互排斥、敌视的几个阶段 ,此后 ,以政压教的关系一直持续到 2 0世纪80年代末期。 1 990年之后 ,随着蒙古国内“民主改革”的发展 ,政府对宗教的态度也发生了根本的改变 ,政教关系依法得到健康发展。但政教关系中也出现了一些新的问题 :一是国家如何处理与佛教的传统关系的问题 ;二是完善相关法律法规的问题 ;三是如何协调各宗教间的关系问题。随着蒙古国内传统宗教的恢复发展和非传统宗教的壮大 ,政教关系更趋复杂化。

The relationship of politics and religion in Mongolia can be divided into two periods taking the 'democratic reform' which began at the end of 1989 as a boundary.Since the victory of the People′s revolution in 1921,the relationship between politics and religion in Mongolia had experienced several periods varied from the mutual cooperation,mutual utilization to mutual expelling and mutual hostility. From then on,the state control of the religion had lasted until the end of 1980s.After 1990,with the development of the 'democratic reform' in Mongolia,the attitude of the government toward the religion has fundamentally changed.The relationship between politics and religion has been developed healthily.However,there have appeared some new problems. First one is how the politics deals with the traditional relationship with Buddism;Second one is to improve and complete the relevant laws and rules;Third one is how to adjust the relationship between different religions.With the restoration and development of the traditional religion and the growing of the non traditional religion in Mongolia,the relationship of politics and religion is becoming more and more complicated.