规模经济的理论思考

Theoretical Reflections on Scale Economy

规模经济是困扰中国企业和理论界的重大问题之一。规模经济难题的根源在于对模型认识上的误解 ,把工厂模型和公司模型混为一体是导致这一问题长期存在的原因。文章指出 ,工厂模型是实物模型 ,公司模型是价值模型 ,工厂模型是由技术条件所决定的 ,并且多数产业的工厂模型会随着技术的发展而不断提高最低产出要求。企业的目标是 :能达到工厂模型要求的规模就不要放弃追求由工厂模型带来的成本节约好处 ,如不能达到这一要求也不意味着在竞争中没有前途 ,因为优秀的管理能够弥补这一缺陷。对达到工厂模型要求的企业来说 ,规模没有边界 ,唯一制约它们扩张的因素是管理。无论是大企业还是中小企业 ,提升管理水平是实现规模经济的第一手段 。

Scale economy is one of the major issues nagging Chinese enterprises as well as the theoreticians. The problem lies in the misunderstanding of the models which, over a long period of time, confuses the factory model and the company model. This paper makes it clear that factory is a material entity while company is a model of value. Factory models are subject to technical conditions and the factory models of most industries set increasingly high demands on the minimum output. An enterprise sets it as its goal never to give up its pursuit of cost reduction, which is the advantage of the factory model, as long as the enterprise can reach such a scale as required by the factory model. If this cannot be achieved, it doesn't mean that the enterprise is hopeless in the competition, as excellent administration can make it up. For enterprises which can meet the requirements of a factory model, their model has no bounds as the only restraint to their expansion is administration. For enterprises, whether big or small, improvement of their administration remains the first thing they have to do to make scale economy possible.