中国作物秸秆资源利用现状分析

Analysis on the Current Status of Utilization of Crop Straw in China

根据全国农业技术推广服务中心的 2 0 0 0年度土壤肥料专业统计数据 ,分析研究了中国秸秆资源数量、利用途径及养分去向。结果表明 ,2 0 0 0年全国秸秆资源总量达 5 .5 4 1× 10 8t,其中含有的N、P2 O5、K2 O分别为4 .939× 10 6t、15 6 7× 10 6t、9.82 5× 10 6t,总养分为 1.6 33× 10 7t;在作物秸秆资源中 ,以水稻、玉米和小麦为主 ,共占76 .1% ;秸秆利用中 ,肥料、燃料和饲料量分别占秸秆资源的 36 .6 %、2 3.7%和 2 2 .6 % ,其它如原料、焚烧和弃置乱堆共占 17% ;秸秆资源中的养分利用也是以肥料量最多 ,其次是燃料和饲料 ,原料、焚烧和弃置乱堆较少 ,N、P2O5和K2 O养分还田率分别为 4 7.3%、82 .9%和 84 .4 % ,每年有大量养分损失 ;

The amount, utilization and nutrient fate of crop straw in China based on the soil and fertilizer professional statistical data collected by the National Agro Technical Extension and Service Center, MOA in 2000 were studied . The total amount of crop straw was 5.541×10 8 t in which there were 4.939 ×10 6 t N, 1.567×10 6 t P 2 O 5 , 9.825×10 6 t K 2 O and 1.633×10 7 t of total nutrient. The straw of rice, wheat and maize were principal and their proportion in total straw was 76.1%. The way of using straw was divided into 6 types that were organic fertilizer (included straight returning to field and making compost), fuel, fodder, raw material of industry, setting on fire and throwing aside as statistics. The percent of straw used as organic fertilizer, fuel and fodder were 36.6%, 23.7% and 22.6%, respectively. The rank of straw nutrient utilization was organic fertilizer>fuel> fodder>others. The percent of returning to field for N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O in straw was 47.3%, 82.9% and 84.4%, respectively and there were lots of nutrient to be lost.