三门峡地区玉米田杂草发生规律研究

Investigation on occurring regularity of corn-field weeds in Sanmenxia

通过调查分析了三门峡地区玉米田杂草的发生消长规律 :①该地区玉米杂草约 15 9种 ,根据杂草发生情况 ,将其划分为 4种生态类型区 ,3种发生型和 3种高度型 ;②玉米田杂草优势种群有 5种 ,分别是玉米—马唐 +牛筋草、玉米—牛筋草 +马唐 +阔叶草、玉米—播娘蒿 +野油菜、玉米—婆婆纳 +旋花、玉米—旋花 +小蓟 ;③玉米田杂草发生与种植方式、管理水平、土壤肥力、施肥种类、土壤质地和气候因子等有密切关系 ;④玉米田杂草出土高峰在播种后15～ 35d(夏播 )和 5 0～ 6 0d(春播 ) 。

This paper gave a systematic investigation to 159 species of weeds in Sanmenxia corn field.The occurring types of weeds can be divided into four ecological types,three occurrance types,three height types.There are five dominant species:Corn-Digitaria sangunalis+Eleusine indica,corn-Eleusine indica+Digitaria sangunalis+forbs,Corn-Doscuraunia Sophia+cole seedling,Corn-Veronica canintebicullata+morning glory family,Corn morning glory family+Gephelanoplos seytum.The weeds occurring have close relation with corn growth types,field management,soil fertility,application types,soi1 texture,meteorological factor et al.in corn field.The heights of weeds germinata are often 15～35days(spring growth)or 50～60days(summer growth) after sowing.The time of peak height depends on soil humidity and flush period.