论假借义与语源义

On the Loaned-meaning and the Cognate Meaning

假借义与语源义在概念上迥然有别。假借义是字义的一种 ,与字的本义不相关。语源义是同族词所共有之义 ,就具体的词而论 ,即是该词的命名之义。语源义既可能是词的具体义项 ,又可能是某一义项的义素。在实际语言中 ,假借义与语源义有时又有一定联系。我们既不能将二者混为一体 ,又不应将它们对立起来。

Theoretically there is a great difference between the loaned\|meaning and the cognate meaning. The former, having nothing to do with the original meaning, is one of the meanings of a Chinese character while the latter is the common meaning of a group of cognate words. As far as one word concerned, the cognate meaning, form which the word is originated, can be either a glosseme or a sememe. On the other hand, the loaned\|meaning and the cognate mean, in some sense, are related to each other in the language. Therefore, we can neither mix the two different meanings up nor separate one entirely from the other.