语气词在俄语口语中的结构功能

Structural Functions of Particles in Spoken Russian

俄语传统语法历来认为语气词不充当句子成分 ,不发挥任何句法作用。然而 ,这种特性在口语中却发生了变化 ;有为数不少的语气词具有结构功能 ,在交际中发挥着极为重要的作用 ,这点在语气词研究中往往被忽视。受口语超语言特征的影响 ,语气词可以充当固定句位句素构成各种结构模式 ,表达各种情态意义。语气词发挥的结构功能主要有三大类 :充当独立语句功能、充当语句结构要素功能及构成对话重复语句功能。

Traditional Russian grammar always assumes that particles do not act as sentence parts, nor do they have any syntactic functions. This assumption hardly holds water in spoken Russian, in which there are quite a number of particles with active structural and communicative functions. Due to the extra-linguistic nature of a spoken language, particles can be used as fixed syntactic elements to build structural and semantic models. The structural functions of particles of spoken Russian fall into three categories: independent sentence, structural element, and syntactic repetition in a dialog.