评牟宗三对胡宏和朱熹工夫论的阐析

Of Mou Zhongsan's Comment on Hu Hong and Zhu Xi by Their Gongfu Lun (the Accomplishment of Cognition of Things)

现代新儒家学者牟宗三在研究宋明理学时 ,把胡宏和朱熹作为对立的两方。在工夫论 (修养方法 )上 ,胡宏主张“先识仁之体”、“以放心求心”。牟宗三非常恰当地将此方法概括为“逆觉体证”,并认为这是理解真正的道德行为所以可能之超越根据的唯一方法 ,它与朱子“格物穷理”的认知方法有本质差异。经过对胡、朱两人理论体系进行对比剔剥式的研究 ,牟宗三确认胡宏一系在宋明儒学中具有极高的独立价值 ,推之为“正宗”圆教。牟的阐析有独到之处 。

Mou Zongsan takes Hu Hong and Zu Xi as an opposite pair in his studies of Confucianism by examining the differences between their accomplishment of cognition of the moral characters of humanity. (2) Hu Hong held that “to recognize Ren ( the moral characters of humanity ) beforehand” and “to search it in the light of its being in mind”, which Mou calls it the way of Ni Jue Ti Zheng (to cognite by intuition, to know by performance personally). (3) Zhu Xi held that the way to cognite things is to study the whys and wherefores of things so as to attend knowledge in utmost depth and width. (4) Mou deems that these two methods of cognition are different in nature, and Hu Hong's was the main school of Confucianism.