“罪与罚”主题价值内涵的变迁

On the Motif of Crime and Punishment:Its Vicissitude of Values and Connotations

“罪与罚”是欧洲文学史的一个重要母题 ,作为欧洲文学两大源头的希腊文学和希伯莱文学在表现这个母题时体现出鲜明的文化差异性 :希腊文学中我们看到的是对“我在”的求证 ,而在希伯莱文学中我们看到的是对“他在”的求证。中世纪“罪与罚”作为一种宗教理念对人的思想和行为产生深刻的影响 ,理性的、有节制的生活成为人们的一种自觉选择。陀斯妥也夫斯基则通过对罪的虚化、弱化 ,强调对罚的自觉担当 ,强调人面对不合理的外部世界的一种自主选择。至此 ,罪与罚主题完成了一个循环 ,由哲学命题回归为哲学命题。

As a significant motif,crime and punishment assumes distinct cultural idiosyncrasies in the two sources of European literature,Greek literature and Hebrew literature:in Greek literature,it is an inquiry into 'I Exist';in Hebrew literature,it is a probe into 'He Exists'.In medieval times,crime and punishment as a form of religious ethic,exerted such a profound impact upon man's thoughts and behaviors that rational and abstemious life was a matter of selfimposition.Similarly,Tuosltuoyefusifi,by means of immaterializing and softening crime,stresses the willing undertaking of punishment and man's voluntary choice when faced with the absurd exernal world.Thereupon,the development of the motif of crime and punishment forms a cycle that both started and ended as a philosophical proposition.