孟德斯鸠政治学说的生态政治旨趣

On the Purport of Montesquieu's Eco-Politics Doctrine

孟德斯鸠关于政治法律体系受制于自然环境和社会环境 的“环境因素说”，以及立法权、行政权和司法权的“三权分立说”，具有明显的生态政治 理论旨趣。从生态关联的观点看，不同的自然环境和社会习俗，孕育不同的政治法律制度； 同时，社会结构局部因素的改变，又会引起整个社会结构的改变。正是因为事物间的生态关 联，孟德斯鸠从地理环境和社会习俗入手，探求政治法律体系的环境基础与演变规律，其理 论意义无疑超越了时代的局限。

It is obvious that Montesquieu's 'Environmental Factors Doctrine' and 'Separation of Powers Doctrine' are of eco-politics purport. The first doctrine claims that political and legal system are restricted by natural and social environment, while the second means that the government is ma de up of three distinct departments: legislative, executive and judicial. From t he perspective of ecological relevancy, different natural environment and social customs lead to different political and legal systems; meanwhile, the change of certain factors of social structure will cause the transformation of the whole system. Considering the ecological relevancy of various things and starting with geological environment and social customs, Montesquieu probes into the environmental basis and the transformation law of political and legal system. Its theoretical significance has surpassed the limitation of his era.